boiler service Harrow Worth to know - water pipe history
This was a source of lead-related health problems in the years before the health hazards of ingesting lead were fully understood; among these were stillbirths and high rates of infant mortality. Lead water pipes were still widely used in the early 20th century, and remain in many households. In addition, lead-tin alloy solder was commonly used to join copper pipes, but modern practice uses tin-antimony alloy solder instead, in order to eliminate lead hazards.
Despite the Romans' common use of lead pipes, their aqueducts rarely poisoned people. Unlike other parts of the world where lead pipes cause poisoning, the Roman water had so much calcium in it that a layer of plaque prevented the water contacting the lead itself. What often causes confusion is the large amount of evidence of widespread lead poisoning, particularly amongst those who would have had easy access to piped water. This was an unfortunate result of lead being used in cookware and as an additive to processed food and drink, for example as a preservative in wine.Roman lead pipe inscriptions provided information on the owner to prevent water theft.
Wooden pipes were used in London and elsewhere during the 16th and 17th centuries. The pipes were hollowed-out logs, which were tapered at the end with a small hole in which the water would pass through.The multiple pipes were then sealed together with hot animal fat. They were often used in Montreal and Boston in the 1800s, and built-up wooden tubes were widely used in the USA during the 20th century. These pipes, used in place of corrugated iron or reinforced concrete pipes, were made of sections cut from short lengths of wood. Locking of adjacent rings with hardwood dowel pins produced a flexible structure. About 100,000 feet of these wooden pipes were installed during WW2 in drainage culverts, storm sewers and conduits, under highways and at army camps, naval stations, airfields and ordnance plants.
Cast iron and ductile iron pipe was long a lower-cost alternative to copper, before the advent of durable plastic materials but special non-conductive fittings must be used where transitions are to be made to other metallic pipes, except for terminal fittings, in order to avoid corrosion owing to electrochemical reactions between dissimilar metals (see galvanic cell).
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pipe
Plumbing performed during house construction
Large companies engaged in hydraulic performance of full-service plumbing. They can be rented during the construction of the house. They also participate in the process of putting up apartment buildings and schools of all sizes. It seems that the least complicated plumbing services are performed in the course of construction of the house, because they are limited to the performance of domestic water supply and sewage, and in the case of apartment blocks need to make a detailed plan of such a network adequate to the number and position of the individual apartments. However, in the case of schools you need to equip the bathroom in the right amount of sinks, where you will be able to wash their hands after using the toilet. In schools, sports can also stand up showers.
Plumbing performed in the kitchen
The kitchens are made different hydraulic works. Not all are complicated, because some performance takes only a few minutes. This may be the installation of a kitchen tap, especially if the owners of the house they purchased a modern faucet that is simple to install. Also repair this faucet should not cause major problems, although it may be that even the replacement of seals in a modern tap will only be possible during the visit plumber. In recent years the standard of cooking was also the presence of a dishwasher, which helps housewife doing everyday activities related to washing dishes. Sometimes, however, when connecting the dishwasher must be present plumber.